立春 Risshun (Beginning of spring)
February 4–8東風解凍 Harukaze kōri o tokuEast wind melts the ice
February 9–13黄鶯睍睆 Kōō kenkan suBush warblers start singing in the mountains
February 14–18魚上氷 Uo kōri o izuruFish emerge from the ice
雨水 Usui (Rainwater)
February 19–23土脉潤起 Tsuchi no shō uruoi okoruRain moistens the soil
February 24–28霞始靆 Kasumi hajimete tanabikuMist starts to linger
March 1–5草木萌動 Sōmoku mebae izuruGrass sprouts, trees bud
啓蟄 Keichitsu (Insects awaken)
March 6–10蟄虫啓戸 Sugomori mushito o hirakuHibernating insects surface
March 11–15桃始笑 Momo hajimete sakuFirst peach blossoms
March 16–20菜虫化蝶 Namushi chō to naruCaterpillars become butterflies
春分 Shunbun (Spring equinox)
March 21–25雀始巣 Suzume hajimete sukūSparrows start to nest
March 26–30櫻始開 Sakura hajimete sakuFirst cherry blossoms
March 31–April 4雷乃発声 Kaminari sunawachi koe o hassuDistant thunder
清明 Seimei (Pure and clear)
April 5–9玄鳥至 Tsubame kitaruSwallows return
April 10–14鴻雁北 Kōgan kaeruWild geese fly north
April 15–19虹始見 Niji hajimete arawaruFirst rainbows
穀雨 Kokuu (Grain rains)
April 20–24葭始生 Ashi hajimete shōzuFirst reeds sprout
April 25–29霜止出苗 Shimo yamite nae izuruLast frost, rice seedlings grow
April 30–May 4牡丹華 Botan hana sakuPeonies bloom
立夏 Rikka (Beginning of summer)
May 5–9蛙始鳴 Kawazu hajimete nakuFrogs start singing
May 10–14蚯蚓出 Mimizu izuruWorms surface
May 15–20竹笋生 Takenoko shōzuBamboo shoots sprout
小満 Shōman (Lesser ripening)
May 21–25蚕起食桑 Kaiko okite kuwa o hamuSilkworms start feasting on mulberry leaves
May 26–30紅花栄 Benibana sakauSafflowers bloom
May 31–June 5麦秋至 Mugi no toki itaruWheat ripens and is harvested
芒種 Bōshu (Grain beards and seeds)
June 6–10蟷螂生 Kamakiri shōzuPraying mantises hatch
June 11–15腐草為螢 Kusaretaru kusa hotaru to naruRotten grass becomes fireflies
June 16–20梅子黄 Ume no mi kibamuPlums turn yellow
夏至 Geshi (Summer solstice)
June 21–26乃東枯 Natsukarekusa karuruSelf-heal withers
June 27–July 1菖蒲華 Ayame hana sakuIrises bloom
July 2–6半夏生 Hange shōzuCrow-dipper sprouts
小暑 Shōsho (Lesser heat)
July 7–11温風至 Atsukaze itaruWarm winds blow
July 12–16蓮始開 Hasu hajimete hirakuFirst lotus blossoms
July 17–22鷹乃学習 Taka sunawachi waza o narauHawks learn to fly
大暑 Taisho (Greater heat)
July 23–28桐始結花 Kiri hajimete hana o musubuPaulownia trees produce seeds
July 29–August 2土潤溽暑 Tsuchi uruōte mushi atsushiEarth is damp, air is humid
August 3–7大雨時行 Taiu tokidoki furuGreat rains sometimes fall
立秋 Risshū (Beginning of autumn)
August 8–12涼風至 Suzukaze itaruCool winds blow
August 13–17寒蝉鳴 Higurashi nakuEvening cicadas sing
August 18–22蒙霧升降 Fukaki kiri matōThick fog descends
処暑 Shosho (Manageable heat)
August 23–27綿柎開 Wata no hana shibe hirakuCotton flowers bloom
August 28–September 1天地始粛 Tenchi hajimete samushiHeat starts to die down
September 2–7禾乃登 Kokumono sunawachi minoruRice ripens
白露 Hakuro (White dew)
September 8–12草露白 Kusa no tsuyu shiroshiDew glistens white on grass
September 13–17鶺鴒鳴 Sekirei nakuWagtails sing
September 18–22玄鳥去 Tsubame saruSwallows leave
秋分 Shūbun (Autumn equinox)
September 23–27雷乃収声 Kaminari sunawachi koe o osamuThunder ceases
September 28–October 2蟄虫坏戸 Mushi kakurete to o fusaguInsects hole up underground
October 3–7水始涸 Mizu hajimete karuruFarmers drain fields
寒露 Kanro (Cold dew)
October 8–12鴻雁来 Kōgan kitaruWild geese return
October 13–17菊花開 Kiku no hana hirakuChrysanthemums bloom
October 18–22蟋蟀在戸 Kirigirisu to ni ariCrickets chirp around the door
霜降 Sōkō (Frost falls)
October 23–27霜始降 Shimo hajimete furuFirst frost
October 28–November 1霎時施 Kosame tokidoki furuLight rains sometimes fall
November 2–6楓蔦黄 Momiji tsuta kibamuMaple leaves and ivy turn yellow
立冬 Rittō (Beginning of winter)
November 7–11山茶始開 Tsubaki hajimete hirakuCamellias bloom
November 12–16地始凍 Chi hajimete kōruLand starts to freeze
November 17–21金盞香 Kinsenka sakuDaffodils bloom
小雪 Shōsetsu (Lesser snow)
November 22–26虹蔵不見 Niji kakurete miezuRainbows hide
November 27–December 1朔風払葉 Kitakaze konoha o harauNorth wind blows the leaves from the trees
December 2–6橘始黄 Tachibana hajimete kibamuTachibana citrus tree leaves start to turn yellow
大雪 Taisetsu (Greater snow)
December 7–11閉塞成冬 Sora samuku fuyu to naruCold sets in, winter begins
December 12–16熊蟄穴 Kuma ana ni komoruBears start hibernating in their dens
December 17–21鱖魚群 Sake no uo muragaruSalmon gather and swim upstream
冬至 Tōji (Winter solstice)
December 22–26乃東生 Natsukarekusa shōzuSelf-heal sprouts
December 27–31麋角解 Sawashika no tsuno otsuruDeer shed antlers
January 1–4雪下出麦 Yuki watarite mugi nobiruWheat sprouts under snow
小寒 Shōkan (Lesser cold)
January 5–9芹乃栄 Seri sunawachi sakauParsley flourishes
January 10–14水泉動 Shimizu atataka o fukumuSprings thaw
January 15–19雉始雊 Kiji hajimete nakuPheasants start to call
大寒 Daikan (Greater cold)
January 20–24款冬華 Fuki no hana sakuButterburs bud
January 25–29水沢腹堅 Sawamizu kōri tsumeruIce thickens on streams
January 30–February 3鶏始乳 Niwatori hajimete toya ni tsukuHens start laying eggs

(Originally written in English by Richard Medhurst of Nippon.com.)

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